Wildfire Smoke Linked to Higher Dementia Risk, Study Finds

Photo from a controlled burn at Starkey Park, Pasco County

​As wildfires become increasingly common across the United States, new research highlights a troubling connection between wildfire smoke exposure and a heightened risk of dementia. The study, published in JAMA Neurology on November 25, 2024, reveals that fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) from wildfires is significantly more dangerous for cognitive health than similar particles from other sources.

Researchers analyzed health records of more than 1.2 million people aged 60 and older in Southern California. They found that for every 1 microgram per cubic meter (μg/m³) increase in wildfire PM2.5 over three years, the risk of dementia diagnosis rose by 18%. By comparison, the same increase in PM2.5 from other sources only raised the dementia risk by 1%.

The study also showed that certain groups face greater risks. People under 75 years old, those living in economically disadvantaged areas, and some minority groups, experienced stronger associations between wildfire pollution and dementia.

These findings are particularly relevant to Florida, where smoke from wildfires and controlled burns are a yearly occurance. As of December 9, 2024, Florida has experienced 2,205 wildfires—2,091 on state land and 114 on federal land—burning a total of 63,620 acres, according to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, further proving that Florida residents are no strangers to poor air quality days caused by particulate pollution, especially during dry seasons.

Experts suggest that individuals can reduce exposure to wildfire smoke by using air filters, staying indoors during high-pollution events, and wearing masks. However, researchers emphasize that broader solutions are needed.
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As Florida faces a warming climate and growing risks of environmental health impacts, this study highlights the need for vigilance in monitoring air quality and advancing policies that reduce wildfire-related pollution.